![Stripped](https://i0.wp.com/themoviedb.org/t/p/w185/sEIXLQCzDKBu7m3DYo4jR6hOJRD.jpg)
Stripped
Four friends head to Vegas for a 21st birthday in hopes of finding adventure, debauchery and memories that will last them a lifetime.
- Žanr: Horror, Thriller, Comedy
- Zemlja: United States
- Direktor: Mark LaFleur
- Glumci: Nicole Sienna, Josh Cole, Alvaro Orlando, Joseph Buttler, Nathalie Walker, Tommy Kijas, Electra Avellan, Victoria De Mare, Carson Aune, Brent Tarnol,